Overview

The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that surround the shoulder joint, providing stability and enabling a wide range of motion in the arm. Rotator cuff injuries are common, particularly in individuals who perform repetitive overhead activities or experience shoulder trauma. These injuries can range from mild inflammation to severe tears that significantly impact shoulder function.

What is a Rotator Cuff Injury?

A rotator cuff injury occurs when one or more of the muscles or tendons in the rotator cuff become damaged. This can include:

1. Tendinitis: Inflammation of the tendons caused by overuse or repetitive strain.
2. Bursitis: Inflammation of the bursa, a fluid-filled sac that cushions the rotator cuff.
3. Tears:Partial or complete tears of the rotator cuff tendons, often due to acute injury or degenerative changes.

Causes of Rotator Cuff Injuries

Rotator cuff injuries can result from:

1. Acute Trauma:Sudden injuries, such as a fall or lifting heavy objects, can cause tears.
2. Repetitive Overuse:Activities involving repetitive overhead movements (e.g., painting, swimming, or tennis) increase the risk.
3. Degenerative Changes:Aging leads to wear and tear of the tendons, making them more susceptible to injury.
4. Poor Posture:Chronic poor posture can place undue stress on the shoulder joint.

Symptoms of Rotator Cuff Injuries

Common signs and symptoms include:

• Pain or discomfort in the shoulder, especially when lifting the arm.
• Weakness in the shoulder, particularly during overhead movements.
• Limited range of motion in the shoulder joint.
• Clicking or popping sounds when moving the shoulder.
• Night pain, which may disrupt sleep, especially when lying on the affected side.

Diagnosis of Rotator Cuff Injuries

Diagnosis typically involves:

1. Physical Examination:The doctor assesses range of motion, strength, and pain levels.
2. Imaging Studies:
   • X-raysto rule out bone-related issues.
   • MRI or Ultrasoundto visualize soft tissue damage and confirm the extent of the injury.

Treatment Options for Rotator Cuff Injuries

Treatment depends on the severity of the injury and can be categorized as conservative or surgical.

1. Conservative Treatment
   • Rest and Activity Modification: Avoid activities that exacerbate symptoms.
   • Physical Therapy:Exercises to improve strength and flexibility of the shoulder.
   • Medications:Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and inflammation.
   • Steroid Injections:Corticosteroid injections for severe inflammation.
2. Surgical Treatment
   • Arthroscopic Repair:Minimally invasive surgery to repair tendon tears.
   • Open Surgery:Recommended for large or complex tears.
   • Tendon Transfer:For irreparable tears, a nearby tendon may be used to restore shoulder function.
   • Shoulder Replacement:In severe cases where repair is not possible reverse shoulder replacement surgery may be needed.

Prevention of Rotator Cuff Injuries

• Maintain proper posture during daily activities.
• Strengthen shoulder muscles with regular exercises.
• Avoid repetitive overhead motions without proper technique.
• Take frequent breaks during repetitive tasks.

Conclusion

Rotator cuff injuries, though common, can significantly affect quality of life if not addressed promptly. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are key to restoring shoulder function and preventing further damage. If you experience persistent shoulder pain or weakness, consult a specialist for an accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plan.

For expert care and advanced treatment options, the Orthopedics Department at Accord Hospital is here to help you get back to an active, pain-free life.